Agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions represent around 10-12% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions and have a key role to play in achieving a 1.5 degrees C (above pre-industrial) climate stabilization target. Using a multi-model assessment approach, we quantify the potential contribution of agriculture to the 1.5 degrees C target and decompose the mitigation potential by emission source, region and mitigation mechanism. The results show that the livestock sector will be vital to achieve emission reductions consistent with the 1.5 degrees C target mainly through emission-reducing technologies or structural changes. Agriculture may contribute emission reductions of 0.8-1.4 Gt of CO2-equivalent (CO(2)e) yr(-1) at just US$20 per tCO(2)e in 2050. Combined with dietary changes, emission reductions can be increased to 1.7-1.8 GtCO(2)e yr(-1). At carbon prices compatible with the 1.5 degrees C target, agriculture could even provide average emission savings of 3.9 GtCO(2)e yr(-1) in 2050, which represents around 8% of current GHG emissions.