Rock art is key for understanding European Palaeolithic societies. Long thought to have been restricted to South- west Europe, recent discoveries on the Balkan Peninsula have expanded significantly the geographic distribution of Upper Palaeolithic figurative rock art, calling into question the idea of its limited distribution. This article presents the first example of figurative cave art discovered in the Balkan region, at Romualdova Pe ' cina (` Romuald's Cave') in Croatia, discussing its chronology and relevance in the context of recent research in Pleistocene art.