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Influence of accessibility (open and toll-based) of scholarly publications on retractions

Shah, Tariq Ahmad; Gul, Sumeer; Bashir, Saimah; Ahmad, Suhail; Huertas, Assumpcio; Oliveira, Andrea; Gulzar, Farzana; Najar, Ashiq Hussain; Chakraborty, Kanu

SCIENTOMETRICS
2021
VL / 126 - BP / 4589 - EP / 4606
abstract
We have examined retracted publications in different subject fields and attempted to analyse whether online free accessibility (Open Access) influences retraction by examining the scholarly literature published from 2000 through 2019, an incidence of the recent 20 years of publications. InCites, a research analytics tool developed by Clarivate Analytics (R), in consultation with Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Retraction Watch databases were used to harvest data for the study. Retracted 'Article' and 'Review' publications were examined concerning their online accessibility mode (Toll Access and Open Access), based on non-parametric tests like Odds Ratio, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, Mann-Kendall and Sen's methods. The Odds for OA articles to have retraction are about 1.62 as large (62% higher) compared with TA articles (95% CI 1.5, 1.7). 0.028% of OA publications are retracted compared with 0.017% TA publications. Retractions have occurred in all subject areas. In eight subject areas, the Odds for retraction of OA articles are larger compared with retraction of TA articles. In three subject areas, the Odds for retraction of OA articles are lesser compared with the retraction of TA articles. In the remaining 11 subject areas, no significant difference is observed. Post-retraction, though a decline is observed in the citation count of OA & TA publications (p < .01), yet the Odds for OA articles to get cited after retraction are about 1.21 as large (21% higher) compared with TA articles (95% CI 1.53, 1.72). TA publications are retracted earlier compared to OA publications (p < .01). We observed an increasing trend of retracted works published in both modes. However, the rate of retraction of OA publications is double than the rate of retraction of TA publications.

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