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Habitual coffee consumption and risk of falls in 2 European cohorts of older adults

Machado-Fragua, Marcos D.; Struijk, Ellen A.; Ballesteros, Juan-Manuel; Ortola, Rosario; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Lopez-Garcia, Esther

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
2019
VL / 109 - BP / 1431 - EP / 1438
abstract
Background: Habitual coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sarcopenia, which are strong risk factors of falls. In addition, caffeine intake stimulates attention and vigilance, and reduces reaction time. Therefore, a protective effect of coffee on the risk of falling can be hypothesized. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between habitual coffee consumption and the risk of >= 1 falls, injurious falls, and falls with fracture in older people. Methods: Data were taken from 2964 participants aged >= 60 y from the Seniors-ENRICA (Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain) cohort and 8999 participants aged >= 60 y from the UK Biobank cohort. In the Seniors-ENRICA study, habitual coffee consumption was assessed with a validated diet history in 20082010, and falls were ascertained up to 2015. In the UK Biobank study, coffee was measured with 3-5 multiple-pass 24-h food records starting in 2006, and falls were assessed up to 2016. Results: A total of 793 individuals in Seniors-ENRICA and 199 in UK Biobank experienced >= 1 fall during follow-up. After multivariable adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors and compared with daily consumption of <1 cup of coffee, the pooled HR for >= 1 fall was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.07) for total coffee consumption of 1 cup/d and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.90) for >= 2 cups/d (P-trend = 0.001). The corresponding figures for caffeinated coffee were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.07) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.87) (P-trend < 0.001). Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with risk of falling in the analyzed cohorts. In Seniors-ENRICA, there was a tendency to lower risk of injurious falls among those consuming caffeinated coffee (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.00 for 1 cup/d; HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.09 for >= 2 cups/d; P-trend = 0.09). No association was observed between caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of falls with fracture. Conclusions: Habitual coffee consumption was associated with lower risk of falling in older adults in Spain and the United Kingdom.

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